2011 ASHRAE HANDBOOK HVAC Applications SI Edition. CEC California Energy Commission . The TC members were seeing an increase in natatorium construction as the healthcare and fitness industries, competitive swimming organizations and indoor water parks were turning to indoor facilities all over the country. What, ASHRAE Standard 62.1 helps engineers design projects according to the latest requirements. . Download PDF. When a system is trying to address indoor air quality (IAQ) through the "solution by dilution" method, it brings in excess outdoor air. In other words, the guidelines are not specific enough for indoor swimming pools. 16. It just says to exhaust as close as possible to the warmest body of water in the facility. A mechanical engineer must also balance those standards with functionality, air quality, and affordability. They were at first working independently from ASHRAE. Indoor air quality was becoming a common complaint at many facilities. cfm cubic feet per minute . And normally, air quality comes with a much higher price tag. C-factor thermal conductance . Equipmentâ in ASHRAEâs 2012 Systems and Equipment Handbook. CHW chilled ⦠The commonest of these (ASHRAE, National building Code of Finland D2, Russian designing and building code 31-113-2004. Dust standards and design principles â David McEwan, Nederman Mikropul . A typical indoor pool space has . HVAC system designers must be familiar with a number of federal, state, and local regulations along with industry standards maintained by a number of organizations. a predictably dry portion of the deck will Unfortunately for swimmers and lifeguards, the section for indoor swimming pools is only four pages long and is open to many interpretations. This determines minimum outside air quantity / check against AS 1668 requirements. Pool Design Anything that holds or moves pool water is considered part of the pool design, including (but not limited to) plumbing, hydraulics, the shape of the vessel itself, everything in the pump room, and ancillary deck equipment like starting blocks and lifeguard chairs. It is a. (See Chapter 25 of the 2020 ASHRAE HandbookâHVAC Systems and Equipment for dehumidifier application and design information.) For that, they need to integrate with a, And normally, air quality comes with a much higher price tag. Many critical items affect a natatoriumâs indoor air quality (IAQ). It is a standard, not a code. To calculate dehumidification load we have to calculate evaporation from indoor pool surface ,moisture from outside ventilation air and moisture from occupants . Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE) provides guidance and resources for pool room design. How do mechanical engineers know what to design for specific rooms, like natatoriums? In our example, that means your PDU must increase the temperature by 54ºF (30ºC). *Photos to come* Up for grabs is arguably one of the best camera straps to grace the market - anyone familiar with Peak Design will know how top notch their gear is and this is no different. ", "Exhaust air intake grilles should be located as close as possible to the warmest body of water in the facility. READ PAPER. The design handbook offers minimum standards for engineers to meet. He has been in the dehumidification and Natatorium design field as well as Humidification for 226 years. For swimmers, a humidity range of 50 to 60% is most comfortable. Ventilation for Acceptable Air Quality in commercial buildings is specifically covered in ASHRAE section 62.1. ⢠Review impact of Summer Design on Pool Hall Conditions. There are too many ways to interperet the guidelines, and furthermore, there are only four (4) pages in the ASHRAE handbook devoted to natatoriums. iography: Mr. Palitza is well regarded in the HVA industry as an expert in dehumidification and Indoor Pool Design. Absolute humidity in pool hall will have to be higher unless The design team must work with all trades associated with the pool to ensure a complete system design is in place for the best possible air quality. And quite often, local codes are derived from industry standards like ASHRAE 62.1. covers just about every type of indoor room, like school classrooms, commercial kitchens, and of course. You just need to know what you're looking for. expert in dehumidification and Indoor Pool Design. In response to industry demand and the growing number of natatoriums, the 2019 ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Applications will include a new chapter dedicated to the design of natatoriums. 1. To compound the challenge, most engineers that we speak to rarely design swimming pools, if ever. It then covers, "Complaints from swimmers indicate that the greatest chloramine concentrations occur at the water surface. circulate the entire room's air volume 4-6 times per hour. We have personally seen hundreds of natatoriums that were designed within the ASHRAE 62.1 standard, yet they still struggled with indoor air quality. e Model Aquatic Health Code (MAHC), published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), is a more recent addition to the resources available to mechanical engineers. Imagine it's winter, and the outside temperature is exactly at the freezing point, 32ºF (0ºC). This is the first attempt to expand knowledge and design recommendation to this growing building type. The authors conclude: âDesigning . But the handbook does not specify directional airflow of supply air, or the location of these exhausts relative to the rest of the room. Industry standards, however, are still significant. CRRC Cool Roof Rating Council . Having a thorough understanding of the various guidelines helps ensure that each new build incorporates the very latest industry knowledge, skills, and technology. He has also been Technical Committee 9.8âs reviser responsible for Chapter 5 which covers Natatorium Design (Large Building Air Conditioning Applications) in ASHRAEâs Applications Design Handbooks since 1999. Disclaimer: ASHRAE has compiled this information with care, but ASHRAE has not investigated or verified, and ASHRAE expressly disclaims any duty to investigate or verify, any product, service, process, procedure, design, or the like that may be described herein. But what if the natatorium has a small spa in a corner? Seresco USA Inc., Decatur, GA, a leading manufacturer of HVAC IAQ equipment presents âThe Pool Design PDH Presentation,â a free, 52-minute streaming video available here. They only fall short, in our opinion, in natatorium design because they are too vague. Since the formation of TC 8.10, Mechanical Dehumidification and Heat Pipes, in the mid-1990s it was always a goal of the TC to write a dedicated chapter for natatorium design. As it turns out, there are some standards and codes for designers to follow, and the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) publishes those standards. Design Criteria âExternal Temperature / %RH ⢠Primarily concerned with Heating so we consider 24 hour Winter Design conditions. The PDU could lower the humidity for the dry people's comfort, but that would make the wet people colder (evaporative cooling on skin is a real thing, ask any swimmer who is shivering on an 85ºF indoor pool deck). Air Quality Control. For reduction of humidity in swimming pool area, minimum 4 Air change per hour as fresh air will be considered as recommended by ASHRAE,(Application volume â Natatoriums). Fundamental data centre design â April 7, 2016 We at Chloramine Consulting help engineers design natatoriums (and remedy existing ones) with HVAC systems that meet the ASHRAE standards, and also take into account functionality, affordability, and of course, air quality. Children are especially vulnerable to the ill effects of chloramine inhalation. Either way, you could still be within the standard. Are we to exhaust from that corner, and ignore the main pool? The CDC soon realized that they needed to refer to all ASHRAE standards and information since these were already proven methods of design. It would be even better for energy recovery if the natatorium had a separate energy recovery system for the Evacuator's dedicated exhaust. Not only does that just dilute the air, it's also extraordinarily expensive. They are considered minimum best practices for the industry to follow. 27 Full PDFs related to this paper. Best Practices for Datacom Facility Energy Efficiency (2008) 7. And the common-est of problems is moisture problem. The new chapter has updated the air distribution section, which now includes comments regarding low returns and dedicated source capture type exhaust systems. Swimming pools) were described in the thesis. We agree (for the most part)! If the exhaust fan is within the return path, watch out. Typical Design Conditions Pool Type Water Temperature Activity Factor Competition 76 to 82 °F 0.65 Diving 84 to 88 °F 0.65 Elderly Swimmers 85 to 90 °F 0.8 Hotel 82 to 86 °F 0.8 â 1.0 Physical Therapy 90 to 95 °F 0.65 Recreational 80 to 85 °F 1.0 Whirlpool/spa 102 to 104 °F 1.0 Knowing the activity level in advance is important. Designing a ventilation system for a swimming pool can be tricky. For occupant comfort, these facilities require 40 to 60% relative humidity to be maintained year round. There is too much room for error, and it puts engineers in a tough position. So it's not that the ASHRAE standards are wrong, it's that the handbook leaves open too many ways for a facility to have problems with chloramine pollution. The ASHRAE Design Weather Database provides this data for thousands of worldwide locations. All of those needs can be met. and speaks regularly at ASHRAE meetings across the country. And it goes on to recommend: "Exhaust air intake grilles should be located as close as possible to the warmest body of water in the facility. With natatoriums, that's not necessarily the case...having better air quality can actually save operating costs. The difference is a legal one, in that codes are written in the law, whereas standards are not. The TC will be continually adding to this new chapter as new industry evaluated design information and research becomes available. Download. Download Full PDF Package. 4.6 - 4.8) to keep the air temperature about 2°F (1°C) above the water temperature to help reduce evaporation from the pool and improve the comfort of bathers exiting the pool. air), air distribution, duct design, pool water chemistry, and evaporation rates. The final focus of the 4-page natatorium section in ASHRAE 62.1 is about Energy Considerations. 8 Similar to a pool ? guaranty by ASHRAE of any product, service, process, procedure, design, or the like. condition the entire space within the desired temperature and relative humidity ranges. These airflow recommendations are primarily about washing windows to prevent condensation, and flushing corners to prevent areas of stagnant air. Fluctuations in relative humidity outside the 40 to 60% range can increase levels of bacteria, viruses, fungi and other factors that reduce air quality. distribute conditioned air in all the right places (with the right amount of air), keep the natatorium slightly-negatively pressured (10-15%), and, Properly sized Pool Dehumidification Unit (PDU) systems can handle the first four...but not the fifth. This is driven by the recommendation (2003 ASHRAE Handbook - HVAC Applications, pp. It gives helpful formulas for moisture load and evaporation rate calculations. CCF centum cubic feet . It then covers the ventilation requirements. The flow rate of the circulating pump is designed to turn over (circulate) the entire volume of water in the pool in 6 to 8 hours, or 3 or 4 times in 24 hours. It's about things like relative humidity being 40-60% to prevent mold and other diseases from thriving. Competition and exercise pool spaces are more likely to be maintained at temperatures around 82°F (28°C), or lower. Moisture can cause the bad impact on human ⦠Section 62.1 is full of great information. 1-from ASHRAE handbook can take evaporation rate from activity factor (AF) depend on application residential or hotel or, ..etc . The handbook goes on to recommend duct design for supply air and return air, as well as an overall airflow recommendation for the building envelope. Further information can be found on-line or in reputable sources such as the ASHRAE Handbooks. â¢Building Design Pool water quality is the ... Air changes per ASHRAE â¢4 â6 per hour in a natatorium â¢6 â8 per hour in a spectator area â¢8 per hour (occupied) in a water park Specify CFM needed to satisfy this requirement 48 47 48. The difference is a legal one, in that codes are written in the law, whereas standards are not. Although through the years the TC was making minor updates to the content of the natatorium section included in the “Places of Assembly” in the ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Applications, we knew a major overhaul was needed. Control Design Guide published by ASHRAE for more information on this subject. If you have ever spent more than an hour on an indoor pool deck, you know that the heat and humidity usually cause you to sweat...a lot. healthy and durable, chloramines must be removed by a well-designed ventilation system that has proper air distribution and enough circulating outdoor air to exhaust chloramines from the space. Here's one excerpt: "Complaints from swimmers indicate that the greatest chloramine concentrations occur at the water surface. Copyright © 2019, Pure Planet Science & Technology, Inc. ASHRAE Standard 62.1 for Indoor Swimming Pools, How do mechanical engineers know what to design for specific rooms, like natatoriums? ASHRAE's published design handbook covers just about every type of indoor room, like school classrooms, commercial kitchens, and of course, indoor swimming pools. Swimming Pool Flow Rate. 4.6 2007 ASHRAE HandbookâHVAC Applications NATATORIUMS Environmental Control A natatorium requires year-round humidity levels between 40 and 60% for comfort, energy consumption, and building protection. Design Considerations for Natatorium Ventilation. This paper. Desert Aire recommends using the 1% weather conditions. In fact, energy costs are often the single-largest expense for a facility (excluding personnel). The truth is, natatoriums are very complex buildings. ASHRAE Standard 62.1 helps engineers design projects according to the latest requirements. Energy recovery is essential, which is why facilities in the past several decades have moved to close the 'energy loop'. on Page 23 to modify ASHRAEâs pool and deck ventilation rates. Humidity and best practice in the north-west â May 11, 2016. ASTM American Society for Testing Materials . According to ASHRAE (1999b): âHumans are very sensitive to relative humidity. ASHRAE must receive written questions or ⦠Table 1 - ASHRAE Recommended Air and Water Design Temperatures Table 2 - Activities Factor Table from ASHRAE Applications Handbook 2007 Type of Pool 2011 ASHRAE HANDBOOK HVAC Applications SI Edition. Sure, you could drastically increase the amount of outdoor air and exhaust, but that's just diluting chloramines, not capturing and removing them. This not only ⦠An indoor swimming pool's HVAC system must: Properly sized Pool Dehumidification Unit (PDU) systems can handle the first four...but not the fifth. 2011 ASHRAE HANDBOOK HVAC Applications SI Edition. The design data includes maximum external dry-bulb temperature conditions for each month and corresponding monthly coincident wet-bulb temperature conditions, should the latent load or lower sun angle be the influential cause of the peak condition. Children are especially vulnerable to the ill effects of chloramine inhalation." In the thesis the main indoor climate problems in swimming pools were described. Again, this is not a knock against the standard. We are merely illustrating how open to interpretation the standards are. There is too much room for error, and it puts engineers in a tough position. As far as ASHRAE is concerned, air quality is creating a healthy, safe environment for people to be in. Then the comparison between these ones was made. ASHRAE gives a formula for occupied pools, but does not give the effect of variations in number of occupants or state the occupancy density to which the formula applies. THIS PREPRINT MAY NOT BE DISTRIBUTED IN PAPER OR DIGITAL FORM IN WHOLE OR IN PART. ⢠0 .48 CFm/ft2 of pool and (wet) deck area as base line ⢠7 .5 CFm per spectator added to the base line during swim meets asHrae interprets the wet deck area as no more than six foot perimeter around the pool . Warmer waters and those with high agitation levels off-gas chemicals at higher rates compared to traditional pools. Humidity and best practise in north-west projects â Glen Tatam, M.AIRAH, ACMV Design Consultants . CHP combined heat and power . GHC BULLETIN, SEPTEMBER 2000. 2- evaporation rate factor (ERF) depend on swimming pool water temperature and air temperature ⦠With natatoriums, that's not necessarily the case...having better air quality can actually, 011 ASHRAE Handbook - HVAC Applications §62.1, page 5.7. Yet, despite being within the 62.1 standard, the natatoriums we visited all had severe problems with indoor air quality (IAQ). The ASHRAE standards are a great baseline for design, especially for commercial buildings. How ASHRAE Standards Impact HVAC Design. Everything must be a balance, because when one factor changes, there are always side consequences. Nothing in the standard is wrong, per se, it's just too broad. Some members were also working with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to develop the Model Aquatic Health Code. As mentioned in another one of our articles, natatorium dehumidification costs can be substantial. A short summary of this paper. and the recommendation to use the ASHRAE Dehumidification Weather Data when calculating the effects of the ventilation air. ASHRAE does not warrant that the information in this publication is free of errors. ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers . So if your pool is kept at 84ºF (28.9ºC), that means the indoor air needs to be 86ºF (30ºC). more information regarding pool water chemistry and how it can affect indoor air quality, suggested method of evaluating the evaporation loads of water park features. The chapter also addresses the increase in evaporation due to increasing the air movement over the surface of the water and how it will affect the equipment sizing. By this explanation, air quality is not exclusively about chloramines and other disinfection byproducts (DBPs). In natatoriums, however, the recommended RH is 50-60%, and ideally 55%. design swimming pools, if ever. DESIGN GUIDE For a pool environment to be . And quite often, local codes are derived from industry standards like ASHRAE 62.1. For that, they need to integrate with a source-capture exhaust system. What natatorium design resources do they use as guidelines? But again, without an Evacuator® system source-capturing the airborne chloramine pollution, you could be recirculating chloramines. So a better, more affordable option is to exhaust the ASHRAE standard's minimum amount of air, and recirculate the rest. 2014 ASHRAE. Liquid Cooling Guidelines for Datacom Equipment Centers 2nd Edition (2014) 5. High Density Data Centers â Case Studies & Best Practices (2008) 8. BDL building design language . Made with super high quality in mind and once you hold it in your hand you know this is something that will easily last a lifetime. with these multipliers and the air distribution guidelines presented in this article have proven effective for accurately calculating the outdoor air requirements of a variety of indoor aquatic facilities.â Enjoy the issue. Warmer waters and those with high agitation levels off-gas chemicals at higher rates compared to traditional pools." Unfortunately for swimmers and lifeguards, Section 62.1 is full of great information. Shaping Tomorrow's Built Environment Today, Officers, Directors, Councils, Committees, Staff, Science and Technology for the Built Environment, Instructor-Led Training Seminar and Short Courses, Self-Directed Learning / Group Learning Texts, 2021 Virtual Design and Construction Conference, 2021 ASHRAE Building Performance Analysis Conference, IAQ 2020: Indoor Environmental Quality Performance Approaches, Criteria for Annual Conference City Selection. ASHRAE and TC 9.9 ⢠ASHRAE ... Design Considerations for Datacom Equipment Centers (2006) 4. They are considered minimum best practices for the industry to follow. It is a difficult task because many of the variables, like the client's budget, are out of the engineer's control. Without source-capture exhaust, the best a PDU can do is flood a room with more outdoor air. Industry standards, however, are still significant. Of the hundreds of indoor pools we have personally visited over the years, we have found only a few that were not in compliance with ASHRAE 62.1. ASHRAE's description of the chloramine problem is accurate. Dust standards and design principles â August 17, 2016. And that temperature difference (also called Delta-T, or ∆T) takes a tremendous amount of energy. The entire risk of the use of any information in this publication is assumed by the user. Structural & Vibration Guidelines for Datacom Equipment Centers (2008) 6. Then there is patron comfort. The problem is, the system must now heat that outdoor air to eventually being 2ºF warmer than the pool. An indoor swimming pools chapter will make its debut in the 2019 ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Applications. The archival version of this paper along with comments and author responses will be published in ASHRAE Transactions, Volume 120, Part 2. ANSI/ASHRAE Standards 62.1 and 62.2 are the recognized standards for ventilation system design and acceptable IAQ. Such technology exists, and while adds cost up front, the ROI after just a few years is generally worth it. Different type of energy recovery unit like Plate type Heat exchangers, Heat pipe etc will be considered. CFA conditioned f loor area . They have variables and unique circumstances unlike any other room. It gives helpful formulas for moisture load and evaporation rate calculations. Unfortunately for swimmers and lifeguards, the section for indoor swimming pools is ⦠All construction materials in buildings have a ⦠He is TC 9.8âs revisor responsible for Chapter 4 (Large Building Air Conditioning Applications) of ASHRAEâs 1999/2003/2007/2011 Applications Design Handbook which covers Natatorium Design. IT IS FOR DISCUSSION PURPOSES ONLY AT THE 2014 ASHRAE ANNUAL CONFERENCE. He has been in the dehumidification and Natatorium design field for 20 years. Of the four pages devoted to indoor swimming pools, the first page focuses on humidity and evaporation control. A selection of cities and values across the United States and Canada are listed in Table 5. By Harry Milliken, Life Member ASHRAENon-Voting Member of TC 8.10. It is presented by Ralph Kittler, P.E., Co-founder of the company and an ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer. ASHRAE's published design handbook covers just about every type of indoor room, like school classrooms, commercial kitchens, and of course, indoor swimming pools. Of the four pages devoted to indoor swimming pools, the first page focuses on, . ASHRAE doesn't specify. A member of TC 8.10, Mechanical Dehumidification and Heat Pipes, explains the significance of the new chapter. The PDU could also lower the temperature for dry people, but that would actually increase the evaporation rate of the pool, which puts more moisture-removal burden on the PDU itself, adding stress and increasing energy costs. ASHRAE Dehumidification Weather Data. the purpose of this outdoor air is to help dilute chemicals off-gassed from water . more information regarding pool water chemistry and how it can affect indoor air quality, information on building envelope design, suggested method of evaluating the evaporation loads of water park features; and the recommendation to use the ASHRAE Dehumidification Weather Data when calculating the effects of the ventilation air. Get the information you need to ensure a project is designed according to the latest requirements. 1. Jian Lu. ", The handbook goes on to recommend duct design for supply air and, The final focus of the 4-page natatorium section in ASHRAE 62.1 is about, Sure, you could drastically increase the amount of outdoor air and exhaust, but that's just, Balancing functionality, affordability, and air quality, To compound the challenge, most engineers that we speak to. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(5079918, '34dfe8d6-b57a-4ac0-809e-faa7c3d4c608', {"region":"na1"}); 1 2011 ASHRAE Handbook - HVAC Applications §62.1, page 5.7.